Work Package 1: Management and coordination

Description:

Project management deals with all activities (administrative and scientific alike) needed for a smooth execution of the project within the specified time frame. The underlying strategy for this task has been presented in the section dealing with project management. Here we shall detail the practical steps to be taken in order to implement the suggested management strategy.

Objectives:

• Establish the management structure.
• Conduct the overall management of the project execution.
• Review, audit and quality of the deliverables.
• Communication and reporting to the EU authorities.
• Communication with the Board of associated parties (BAP).
• Prepare yearly progress reports.
• Ensure, harmonize and coordinate all consortium activities.
• Review and evaluate milestones.
• Ensure communication and dataflow between partners.
• Deal with possible problems.
• Supervise the execution of the dissemination work.
• Preparing the basis for technological deployment and a plan for the exploitation of results.

Work Package 2: Sites and Field tests

Description:

TRUST is associated with a number of sites:
1) Heletz (Israel) where the field activities within TRUST will focus;
2) Hontomin (Spain), where the experiments are decided and carried outside TRUST;
3) The Swedish/Baltic sites (Sweden), where feasibility studies are presently being carried out;
4) Miranga (Brazil).

Objectives:

• Prepare the Heletz site for the CO2 injection experiments to be conducted in TRUST;
• Gather data and information on the Hontomin experiments;
• Gather data and information on the Miranga CO2 injection sites;
• Exchange of information and contribute to the design of injection experiments in the Swedish/Baltic sites.

Work Package 3: MMV technologies and real-time reporting and visualization

Description:

The effort in this work-package is devoted to:

• The implementation at Heletz (Israel) of a coordinated set of surface and downhole MMV technologies, such as online single hole resistivity and fiber optical temperature sensors, passive and active near-surface seismic monitoring, pressure tomography, and reactive tracers studies.
• integration of measurements and monitoring results as part of an internet platform for online visualization of results, in 1D, 2D and 3D (variation along axis, 1-D and 2-D time series, contour maps) with periodic reports and alert threshold definitions.

Objectives:

• Design and implement safe, cost effective and multi-purpose monitoring technologies enabling to verify the storage stability and to produce reliable and high resolution datasets for model validation.
• Field test of a new single-hole, integrated, monitoring device based on the preliminary work conducted as part of the MUSTANG and PANACEA FP7 projects.
• Design and implement a new integrated active and passive seismic monitoring system.
• Develop the (Kinetic Interface Sensitive) KIS tracer based on the preliminary work conducted during the MUSTANG project.
• Determine of permeability changes as a proxy for the extent of the CO2 plume.
• Integrate surface and downhole measurements and monitoring results in an internet platform with online visualization tools.

Work Package 4: Modeling

Description:

The effort in this work-package is devoted to:

• Experiments planning simulations and validation of the simulation models against experimental field data: The injection experiments (WP02, WP05) at Heletz (and Hontomin) will provide unique data for model validation, to demonstrate the models’ ability to capture the key process of CO2 spreading and trapping under different modes of operation.
• Modeling methodology and modeling of the long term and industrial scale behavior: This task deals with modeling activities, also related to the experimental sequences.

Objectives:

• Model and modeling approach development, evaluation and validation against comprehensive sets of field data.
• Development of approaches for long-term and large scale (industrial) predictions of CO2 injection and storage.



Secondery objectives:

• Design simulations of injection experiments, including testing of different injection scenarios.
• Interpretation and model matching of the injection experiments.
• Development of the operational models for the sites for large-scale and long-time predictions.
• Providing a field data case for model cross-validation and providing a first approach for such cross-validation.

Work Package 5: Strategies for storage management

Description:

The issues that need to be considered for optimal storage management are:

• Optimal modes of CO2 injection;
• Optimal ways of pressure control, including possible brine disposal;
• Optimal use of the resources (mainly energy and drilling costs).

When analyzing the performance of a storage operation, the entire chain of components needs to jointly considered, including:
     i) handling of the CO2 at the outlet of the supply line (pressure and temperature, phase);
     ii) conditioning of the CO2 at the well head;
     iii) behavior of the CO2 in the injection pipe;
     iv) the conditions of the CO2 at the well bottom and obviously
     v) the conditions and influences in the reservoir.
In this WP different modes of injection will be tested in the field, additional ones analyzed by models and by laboratory experiments. Based on the results, conclusions forming basis for industrial extrapolation will be made.

Objectives:

The overall objective of this WP is to define optimal injection strategies and modes of injection, to
     (i) maximize the trapping while:
     (ii) minimizing the reservoir pressure build-up and...
     (iii) minimizing the energy usage and other major costs of the operation. This is achieved through the following secondary objectives:

• Plan and implement injection strategies, firstly for the experiments to be carried out within the frame of this project (WP2). This includes:
  

       (i) testing of different modes of injection,
       (ii) evaluating the trade-offs of injecting dissolved CO2,
       (iii) assessing the effectiveness of different injection geometries and
       (iv) envisaging testing injection of CO2 micro-bubbles in brine.

• Extend the analyses, by means of modeling, to other conditions and site characteristics.
• Analyze results and suggest recommendations on best practices for injection, from the outlet of the supply line to the reservoir and the related pressure management.

Work Package 6: Leakage detection and mitigation

Description:

The purpose of this work-package is to demonstrate leakage monitoring and leakage mitigation operations in real time conditions.

The first phase of the work consists in testing the sealing potential of different types of fluids (ionic solutions, light slurries and sol-gels) in porous media and fractured media. Optimal sealing is examined in terms of carbonation potential, volume increase during the reaction and irreversibility by means of laboratory experiments. To this end, new equipment developed by CNRS will be used. This percolation bench allows reproducing storage conditions in large size cores while measuring the permeability drop due the reactive fluid injection. Post mortem analyses of the cores using 3D tomographic images and electronic microscopy techniques will be used to investigate the sealing mechanisms and to assist the optimization of the fluid formulation (composition, retardant products, rheology, …) and injection protocol (flow rate, alternative use of different fluids, temperature, volume, …) according to the local hydro-thermo-chemical properties of the Heletz reservoir. The changes of geophysical properties (acoustic and electric) will be measured for the purpose of determining the possibility of monitoring the extent of the sealing at field scale and detect eventual degradation.

Objectives:

• develop a new technology for remediation based on reactive fluid injection (self-carbonation solute).
• Determine the optimal fluid formulations and uses according to the local hydro-thermo-chemical properties of the reservoir.
• Conduct a controlled experiment of CO2 leakage in a poorly plugged or unplugged well at Heletz site.
• Monitor the start of the leaking and its development with time.
• Perform the remediation fluid injection.
• Demonstrate that it is an operational technology for the mitigating of leaky wells.

Work Package 7: Risk Assessment: Procedures, Protocols for Certification and Licensing

Description:

Risk management covers in general the complete risk assessment cycle: risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and treatment, controlling, monitoring, reviewing, identifying and handling residual risks and ensuring communication and exchange of information. These, universally applicable, principles and generic guidelines on risk management have been defined since 2009 in ISO 31000 and the related documents The challenge is here to adapt these general tools to the specific needs of risk management to the CO2 storage demands in TRUST.

Objectives:

• Develop and implement a site specific risk management procedure Heletz site, aimed at achieving a comprehensive risk assessment process, controlling and monitoring, communication of information, handling and minimizing residual risks (especially downhole, near the wellbore, and within the caprock) and detecting and handling possible failures of the seal or near-well completion.
• Compare the risk management tools applied for Heletz site with the approaches and findings in Hontomin.
• Use the risk management findings as input for further applications such as the development of guidelines, protocols for site licensing and certification, liability issues.

Work Package 8: Communication, public engagement and liabilities

Description:

• TRUST website design and implementation and social media.
• Systematic review of current and past CCS projects to apply lessons learned to TRUST sites.
• Public outreach.
• Lessons learned for social and regulatory purposes.
• Investigation of the liabilities problem for site certification and licensing.

Objectives:

• Ensure broad visibility of TRUST, by establishing a solid platform for sharing knowledge within the consortium as well as for reaching the widest audience possible, by means of modern IT technologies and social networks;
• Address issues of communication, social acceptance and liability in order to enable the project partners to fulfill their communication efforts and stakeholder involvement tasks.
• Delineate a preliminary framework for the liability issues in relation to the site certification and licensing.

Work Package 9: Training and capacity building

Description:

• Establish facilities for the technical training and demonstration at the Heletz site and facilitate educational visits.
• Organize formal educational courses for the international forum.
• Affiliate PhD students, Post-Doctoral scientists and Masters students to the R&D work.
• Active dissemination to the scientific/technical community

Objectives:

The overall objective of this work package is to promote education, training and capacity building in the field of geological storage of CO2. This is implemented through the following:

• Construct in at least one of sites (the Heletz site) facilities for the technical training and demonstration;
• Promote education and competence building by organizing formal educational courses for the international forum and related to this, develop course material for teaching;
• Promote education and competence building by affiliating of PhD students, Post-Doctoral scientists and Maters students to the R&D work of TRUST;
• Actively disseminate to the scientific/technical community (industries, regulators) via the end-users group (BAP) of the project.

Work Package 10: Extrapolation

Description:

Identification of typical settings of industrial scale applications and relating these characteristics to the scales analyzed in the present field studies. This involves:

• Analysis of existing industrial sites where data is available (operating history, geometry, parameter characteristics, short- and long-term dynamics of hydraulic, transport and mechanical responses) as well as other sites where large-scale site characteristics can be derived, as well as:
• Defining the industrial scale dimensions of the sites analyzed in detail in WP02 and WP05.

Objectives:

The overall objective of this WP is to extrapolate the results of the project to the industrial scale application as well as to develop generic approaches for such upscaling. This is achieved by means of the following subsidiary objectives:

• Identification of typical settings and characteristics of industrial scale operations;
• Upscaling of the model simulations and the results of the field injection experiments to industrial scale;
• Upscaling of the monitoring strategies and network design for large scale;
• Preparation of protocols for site management;
• Formulation of best practices and recommendations and exploitation of results.